by Jack Lee
California has an average 51% return to prison within one to two years and that means our system is not working. We have the 3rd largest penal system in the country, costing us $5.7 billion dollars a year and housing over 161,000 inmates and the prison population just keeps growing!
Our nation has set a new record for the highest rate of incarceration in the world. According to the Department of Justice, the U.S. prison and jail population grew by 2.7 percent last year, placing a record number of Americans (2,193,798) behind bars. An unprecedented 7 million people—one in every 32 Americans—were either "behind bars, on probation, or on parole by the end of last year." This more than anything else says we have to make some changes and learn from what is working in other parts of the world, because we can't keep this up, we are approaching critical mass. And what is working is the strict prison system with shorter sentences and tough consequences for difficult inmates.
I'm not saying prison is a cushy place to hang out, but things like weight training, law libraries, ethnic meals, observance of Wicken holidays, love letters to and from serial killers, prison marriages, internet chats, smoke breaks, prisoners filing their own writs, tattooing, prisoner advocate groups gaining access to prisons for more prisoner rights, etc., this is all counterproductive to what prisons were meant to be! After visiting prisons around the world in my capacity as a police officer, I am convinced these things contribute to a high recidivism rate, higher budget costs and ultimately higher risks for officers and prisoners.
I found that the prisons with the lowest recidivism rates were the strictest and coincidentally the most economical. Hong Kong under the British protectorate had one of the highest population densities anywhere in the world. Imagine, 7 million people crammed into 428 square miles of land. That would be a law enforcement nightmare in our permissive American culture. Yet, in Hong Kong they had one of the lowest recidivism rates (77% compliance overall recorded in 1995). This concept of a strict, no-frills prison runs totally contrary to our American mindset where we just assume that good prisons need cutting edge technology and psychology with a costly parole system to maximize a prisoner's potential for a successful return to society. But, this just isn't necessarily so.
I worked in California as a peace officer until I retired. I watched over several decades both crime and the prison population climb to unacceptable levels. And at least part of the blame for this can be because we've allowed inmates too much control, so much so that they have developed their own prison culture with their own rules and hierarchy. This contributes to crime inside and outside prison.
Teenagers on the outside are imitating certain aspects of the prison culture, like tattooing, creating gangs, wearing prison like clothing, using prison slang it's having a negative impact. Unfortunately, being in prison is almost considered a right of passage for many inner city youth. Its something to be admired and respected by kids in the burbs who are influenced by the rap music and Hollywood's depiction of gangs and prisons. The problem is getting worse, and it does not appear this is just a passing fad.
My son works juvenile crimes and gangs in one of California's largest and most crime riddled cities in America. He sees this prison culture influence as being one the principle causes of crime, right up there with broken homes and drug abuse. This all points to why I believe we need to get back to the basics, and that is first to isolate the inmate and keep him/her away from society. Secondly, it's a place for punishment where all Constitutional rights are supposed to be surrendered at the prison gate and strict prison rules are expected to be followed. But, I also recognize that prison must be a place for rehabilitation opportunities. We see that being served through remedial education courses and job skill training. So, I endorse tough prisons with strict rules and immediate consequences for any aberrant behavior, but I also recognize the need for rehabilitation. And it must all be done in the proper balance if it is to meet our goals for lowering the recidivism.
The following paragraphs have a series of suggestions that I think could help reverse the high recidivism rate in California and the nation that had caused prison overcrowding. These ideas should help improve security returning more control the prison staff to the point that prisons are so strict the inmates simply don't want to go back and will do even the unthinkable, obey the law, just to avoid re-incarceration!
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