by Jack Lee
Have you ever wondered who your most ancient ancestors where? Until just a few years ago there was a tiny secret hidden within each of us that was completely unknown to every previous generation of humankind. That rather miraculous secret was a chemical code that not only identifies us as uniquely as a fingerprint, but it can also serve as an indisputable record of your own family tree going back tens of thousands of years! It is a veritable history of each merger between a man and a woman and the offspring that followed. It's called DNA and it is your personal genetic background.
We are made up of about 10 trillion cells and inside each cell is this blueprint called the DNA strand. The short explanation here is DNA tells every cell in your body what they will become and it does one other thing, it records slight mutations that arrive through the birth of each successive generation. There is your tracable family history! If you want a more detailed explanation, check this out:
"DNA is found in all cells as base pairs made of four different nucleotides. Each base pair is formed from two complementary nucleotides bonded together. The four bases in DNA's alphabet are:
*Adenine
*Cytosine
*Guanine
*Thymine
Adenine and thymine always bond together as a pair, and cytosine and guanine bond together as a pair. The pairs link together like rungs in a ladder:

In an E. coli bacterium (bacteria is far simpler to analyze), this ladder is about 4 million base pairs long. The two ends link together to form a ring, and then the ring gets wadded up to fit inside the cell. The entire ring is known as the genome, and scientists have completely decoded it. That is, scientists know all 4 million of the base pairs needed to form an E. coli bacterium's DNA exactly. The human genome project is in the process of finding all 3 billion or so of the base pairs in a typical human's DNA. " Courtesy from How Stuff Works, see link above.
Cells contain chromosones and they carry genetic information in long strands of DNA called genes. We have 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes and single pair of sex chromosomes XX in females and XY in males. Within each is a chromosome inherited from the father and one from the mother. In successive generations this addition forms a code.
Thanks to the DNA code scientists determined that humans as we know ourselves probably numbered less than 30,000 when they ventured away from our ancestral home located in Africa in the southern portion next to the Indian ocean. The search for the oldest ancestors sharing a common Y chromosome ends about 60,000 years ago. This region is the coalescence of all human diversity in Y chromosome patterns, which is not to say there were not humans before this age, it is simply the oldest date of commonality. We have evidence to indicate humans were around 160,000-years ago based on find in Ethiopia, more strong new evidence that Homo sapiens originated only in Africa.
Our mother race is the race that shares this base coding and races that followed developed altered patterns of Y chromosomes within the DNA strands. The oldest mother race is what we commonly refer to as blacks. Within all Caucasians is the original mother code for blacks, but in blacks the additions found in whites do not appear which clearly indicates black people were our original ancestors. This ads a whole new dimension to the fact we are all brothers and sisters sharing the earth!
The National Geographic has been sampling DNA from indigenous tribes around the world and the result is a pattern or markers that show a migratory trail out of Africa to all parts of the earth. By looking at your particular DNA markers in reverse you can back-track your own family migration throughout thousands of years of history and oddly enough, you will find we all arrive back at this one particular area of Africa where the DNA trail ends.
In my family we were classified into the R1a1 lineage which is believed to have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas. We are descendants of the Kurgan culture which is known for it's domestication of the horse from around 3000 B.C.E. Most of my shared DNA ancestors are now found in the central and western Asia, India and Slavic populations of Europe. Although most recently it is traced by my own family tree to Norway, Germany, England and Scotland and finally here in the USA.
If we shared 12 out of 12 markers in our DNA code, chances are we have a common ancestor within the last 8-10 generations. Fewer markers, the more distant our relationship. But, eventually we get back to that oldest common code that can be traced to that one region in Africa that we now believe all humans living today originated.
If you would like to learn more about your family DNA there are several projects that can help, I suggest the National Geographic project. Or you could try a more personalized place called Family Tree DNA at familytreedna.com or phone 713-868-1438.
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