One of the goals I and many other concerned citizens have had this summer is to get full disclosures on the measuring environment, data, methods, and computer source code used by NOAA and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) to arrive at adjustments to data for the surface temperature record. Given the error discovered in August that led to a restructuring of temperature in the USA and hottest year temperature rankings (see 1998 no longer hottest year on record) renewed calls for full disclosure put NASA GISS in a nearly indefensible position.
I'm happy to report that NASA GISS has in fact released the computer code used to arrive at temperature adjustments for the USA and the world.
Apparently us "court jesters" (as as Dr. James Hansen calls us) carry some weight after all. Even with such unfortunate characterizations, I wish to publicly thank Dr. Hansen for making this new information available. It was the right thing to do. Thank you.
The first task is to make sure it matches what has been seen, and to verify that we have all of it. This is hugely important in doing independent verification of the surface temperature record. Following that, an analysis of the methodology and replication of the computer program output to see if it matches the current data sets. Then perhaps we can fully understand why some stations that are in "pristine" condition, such as Walhalla, SC, with no obvious microsite biases (from 1916-2000) get "adjusted" by Hansen's techniques. Shouldn't good data stand on its own?
I got an email from one of the www.surfacestations.org volunteers, Chris Dunn, that sums up the problem pretty well:
I downloaded the raw and adjusted text versions of the GISS data for Walhalla, and did a simple subtraction of annual figures: adjusted minus raw. It's clear that they created a step-up over time. They started by subtracting 0.3 from the early record, then progressively reduced this amount by 0.1 degree a couple of times until 1990, after which there were no adjustments made. This artificial "stepping down" of the historical temperature record as you go back in time induces a false upward trend to the data where, in my opinion, one shouldn't be. Consider that this is a rural site and the CRS was unmoved, and in the middle of a large, empty and level field in a relatively static, isolated setting from at least 1916 to 2000. There is just no justification for this whatsoever when looking at the site and the general area.
Of course, this "step" procedure is what McIntyre et. al. have been documenting over on CA for some time, now, but having visited the Walhalla site personally and seeing how pristine it was during that period, I am just shocked to see how the data have been so clearly & systematically manipulated. It seems if they can't find an upward trend, they simply create one. It's an outrage to an average citizen such as myself, especially when I think of the good people (private observers, among others) who dedicated their time every day for so long to create an accurate record. That's the real rub as I see it - the arrogant disregard of honest people who have put so much of their lives into it. I truly see just how important this work is that is being done by you and the folks over at Climate Audit.
I'm considering writing my congressmen, but will wait to see what the results are when McIntyre is done.
Now we'll have a chance to understand this firsthand instead of having to reverse engineer the method. Perhaps we'll go down this path and it will all be perfectly valid, in which case we have no argument. But independent verification is one of the basic tenets of science, and this has been long overdue.
Steve McIntyre expounds on the new revelation in his blog:
Reposted from www.climateaudit.org
Hansen has just released what is said to be the source code for their temperature analysis. The release was announced in a shall-we-say ungracious email to his email distribution list and a link is now present at the NASA webpage.
Hansen says resentfully that they would have liked a "week or two" to make a "simplified version" of the program and that it is this version that "people interested in science" will want, as opposed to the version that actually generated their results.
Reto Ruedy has organized into a single document, as well as practical on a short time scale, the programs that produce our global temperature analysis from publicly available data streams of temperature measurements. These are a combination of subroutines written over the past few decades by Sergej Lebedeff, Jay Glascoe, and Reto. Because the programs include a variety of
languages and computer unique functions, Reto would have preferred to have a week or two to combine these into a simpler more transparent structure, but because of a recent flood of demands for the programs, they are being made available as is. People interested in science may want to wait a week or two for a simplified version.
In recent posts, I've observed that long rural stations in South America and Africa do not show the pronounced ROW trend (Where's Waldo?) that is distinct from the U.S. temperature history as well as the total lack of long records from Antarctica covering the 1930s. Without mentioning climateaudit.org or myself by name, Hansen addresses the "lack of quality data from South America and Africa, a legitimate concern", concluding this lack does not "matter" to the results.
Another favorite target of those who would raise doubt about the reality of global warming is the lack of quality data from South America and Africa, a legitimate concern. You will note in our maps of temperature change some blotches in South America and Africa, which are probably due to bad data. Our procedure does not throw out data because it looks unrealistic, as that would be subjective. But what is the global significance of these regions of exceptionally poor data? As shown by Figure 1, omission of South America and Africa has only a tiny effect on the global temperature change. Indeed, the difference that omitting these areas makes is to increase the global temperature change by (an entirely insignificant) 0.01C.
So United States shows no material change since the 1930s, but this doesn't matter, South America doesn't matter, Africa doesn't matter and Antarctica has no records relevant to the 1930s. Europe and northern Asia would seem to be plausible candidates for locating Waldo. (BTW we are also told that the Medieval Warm Period was a regional phenomenon confined to Europe and northern Asia - go figure.]
On two separate occasions, Hansen, who two weeks ago contrasted royalty with "court jesters" saying that one does not "joust with jesters", raised the possibility that the outside community is "wondering" why (using the royal "we") he (a) "bothers to put up with this hassle and the nasty e-mails that it brings" or (b) "subject ourselves to the shenanigans".
Actually, it wasn't something that I, for one, was wondering about it all. In my opinion, questions about how he did his calculations are entirely appropriate and he had an obligation to answer the questions - an obligation that would have continued even if had flounced off at the mere indignity of having to answer a mildly probing question. Look, ordinary people get asked questions all the time and most of them don't have the luxury of "not bothering with the hassle" or "not subjecting themselves to the shenanigans". They just answer the questions the best they can and don't complain. So should Hansen.
Hansen provides some interesting historical context to his studies, observing that his analysis was the first analysis to include Southern Hemisphere results, which supposedly showed that, contrary to the situation in the Northern Hemisphere, there wasn't cooling from the 1940s to the 1970s:
The basic GISS temperature analysis scheme was defined in the late 1970s by Jim Hansen when a method of estimating global temperature change was needed for comparison with one-dimensional global climate models. Prior temperature analyses, most notably those of Murray Mitchell, covered only 20-90N latitudes. Our rationale was that the number of Southern Hemisphere stations was sufficient for a meaningful estimate of global temperature change, because temperature anomalies and trends are highly correlated over substantial geographical distances. Our first published results (Hansen et al., Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, Science 213, 957, 1981) showed that, contrary to impressions from northern latitudes, global cooling after 1940 was small, and there was net global warming of about 0.4C between the 1880s and 1970s.
Earlier in the short essay, Hansen said that "omission of South America and Africa has only a tiny effect on the global temperature change". However, they would surely have an impact on land temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere? And, as the above paragraph shows, the calculation of SH land temperatures and their integration into global temperatures seems to have been a central theme in Hansen's own opus. If Hansen says that South America and Africa don't matter to "global" and thus presumably to Southern Hemisphere temperature change, then it makes one wonder all the more: what does matter?
Personally, as I've said on many occasions, I have little doubt that the late 20th century was warmer than the 19th century. At present, I'm intrigued by the question as to how we know that it's warmer now than in the 1930s. It seems plausible to me that it is. But how do we know that it is? And why should any scientist think that answering such a question is a "hassle"?
In my first post on the matter, I suggested that Hansen's most appropriate response was to make his code available promptly and cordially. Since a somewhat embarrassing error had already been identified, I thought that it would be difficult for NASA to completely stonewall the matter regardless of Hansen's own wishes in the matter. (I hadn't started an FOI but was going to do so.)
Had Hansen done so, if he wished, he could then have included an expression of confidence that the rest of the code did not include material defects. Now he's had to disclose the code anyway and has done so in a rather graceless way.
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